The new tariff was detailed in an Executive Order signed by President Donald J. Trump on August 1 (Vietnam time), which adjusts rates for 69 countries and territories listed in Annex I.

In response to the US' tariff policies, ASEAN has adopted a flexible approach, combining a unified stance with space for individual member states to pursue separate negotiations. According to international experts, this pragmatic strategy enables the region to maintain dialogue channels while protecting national interests amid intensifying global strategic competition and trade protectionism.

While the EU and Canada have responded strongly to the US tariff measures, some countries like the UK, Mexico, Australia, and others have opted for a more cautious path: negotiation instead of confrontation. This strategy helps them avoid escalating trade tensions but also entails risks when dealing with a US administration ready to use tariffs as a negotiation tool.